Organ Donation in Islam: The Concept of Necessity (Darurah) in Islamic Law and Its Application

Abstract

Organ donation remains a critical biomedical intervention that saves lives worldwide. Within Islamic Jurisprudence, the concept of darurah (necessity) plays a vital role in determining the possibility of otherwise prohibited acts. This paper explores the theological and legal underpinnings of Darurah in Islamic Law and its application to organ donation. Drawing upon authoritative fatwas, classical jurisprudential maxims, and contemporary bioethical debates, this study analyzes how Islamic scholars reconcile the sanctity of the human body with the imperative to preserve life. The paper also examines sociocultural challenges, differing interpretations of brain death, and public awareness barriers in Muslim communities. Ultimately, it argues that while darurah provides a robust legal mechanism permitting organ donation under strict conditions, effective dissemination of religious guidance and ethical governance are essential for broader acceptance.