Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Lipid Profile in Patients with Elevated Cholesterol Levels: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Ramadan fasting involves abstaining from food and drink from dawn until sunset and is practiced by millions of Muslims globally. It causes physiological and metabolic changes, including shifts in lipid metabolism. This review systematically evaluates the effect of Ramadan fasting on lipid profiles in individuals with elevated cholesterol levels.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2000 and 2025. Inclusion criteria involved original studies assessing total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) before and after Ramadan fasting in patients with elevated cholesterol. Data were synthesized qualitatively.

Results: Out of 75 screened studies, 30 met inclusion criteria. Most reported significant reductions in TC and TG levels after Ramadan fasting. LDL-C decreased in some studies but remained unchanged in others. HDL-C was generally stable or slightly increased. The most pronounced improvements were observed in patients with higher baseline cholesterol.

Conclusion: Ramadan fasting has a beneficial effect on lipid profiles, especially in reducing TC and TG in hypercholesterolemic individuals. However, changes in LDL-C and HDL-C vary. More controlled studies are needed to clarify mechanisms and long-term outcomes.