Kinesiological Observation of Salat Postures: Muscle and Joint Engagement

Abstract

Introduction

Salat involves a series of prescribed body positions such as standing, bowing, prostration and sitting performed multiple times daily.

Methods

This observational study systematically catalogues muscle and joint engagement across five Salat postures in 20 adults. 20 participants age 18 -35 years old participated in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to four groups of five each using balloting. A structured observation checklist validated by experts in kinesiology was developed to systematically record the biomechanical and physiological aspects of each posture. A 3-man panel of expert in Islamic studies, Exercise Physiology and Kinesiology observed the participants as they perform each of the pose in Islamic prayer and record detailed notes on the checklist regarding the alignment and muscle engagement, and any noticeable deviations from the expected posture.

Result

Using a structured checklist and goniometric measurements, we report that the mean hip-flexion angle in Ruku was 75° (±5°) and the mean knee-extension angle in Sujud reached 170° (±4°). Observers noted predominant activation of the erector spinae, quadriceps, and gluteus maximus in standing and bowing postures. These findings provide quantitative benchmarks for physiotherapists and exercise specialists

Conclusion

Kinesiological analysis of different pose in Islamic prayer in this study provides information about the body alignment, muscles engagement, joint angle, stability and balance in different pose in Islamic prayer.

Limitation

The study did not include electromyography (EMG), which should be integrated in future research to capture dynamic muscle activation patterns.